Manufacturing is the main body of the national economy. China's manufacturing industry can be called the "ballast stone" of the economy and has always occupied an important economic position.
The "China Census Yearbook-2020" discloses the itemized data of the seventh census in detail. According to the yearbook description, the seventh national population census uses two types of census forms: long and short. The short form of the census includes items that reflect the basic conditions of the population, which are to be filled in by all households (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan residents and foreigners); Select 10% of all households (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan residents and foreigners) to fill in the report. Since the long form of the census is sampled and registered by household, there will be slight differences in the sampling ratio of the total population and various demographic data.
The fourth volume of "Employment" in the long table data contains the employment population of various major industries and sub-sectors across the country and regions. According to this data, a reporter from China Business News calculated that manufacturing employees accounted for as high as 18.1% of the employed population. Among the 20 major industries, it was second only to agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery (accounting for 20.6%); in terms of provinces, Zhejiang The proportion of employees in the manufacturing industry is the highest, reaching 38.2%, and the proportion in Guangdong ranks second; from the perspective of the sub-sectors of the manufacturing industry, the textile and apparel and apparel industries account for 1.8%, and the computer, communications and other electronic equipment manufacturing industries account for 1.8%. Also at 1.8%.
The four major industries together account for more than 60%
From the perspective of the employment proportion of the 20 major industries, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery are the only major industries that account for more than 20%, accounting for 20.6%. In terms of provinces, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Guangxi, Yunnan, Gansu, and Hainan account for more than 30%. The provinces with a high proportion of agricultural population are mainly some western provinces with low urbanization rate, northeastern provinces with prominent agricultural development, and Hainan with developed tropical agriculture.
The manufacturing industry ranks second with 18.1%; the wholesale and retail industry accounts for 14.1% of employees, ranking third; more than 10% is the construction industry, which is 11.3%. These four industries account for more than 60% of the employed population. Among them, in terms of the proportion of employment in the wholesale and retail industry, Fujian has the highest proportion, reaching 17%. Ding Changfa, an associate professor of the Department of Economics at Xiamen University, analyzed Yicai.com that Fujian has more mountains and less flat land, presenting the geographical features of "eight mountains, one water and one field", and the per capita arable land area is small. Many, the business atmosphere is very strong, and the business group is very large.
In recent years, the three industries with the highest income in my country are information transmission, software and information technology services, finance, scientific research and technical services. The three major industries accounted for less than 2% of employment: 1.7% in information transmission, software and information technology services; 1.5% in finance; 1.5% in scientific research and technical services 1.3%. It can be seen that in industries with high income, the proportion of employees is low.
As a strong first-tier city, the modern service industry in Beijing and Shanghai is very developed, and it is the most concentrated area of these high-income industries. Among them, the information transmission, software and information technology service industry, in addition to Internet companies such as games and e-commerce, also includes large state-owned enterprises such as China Mobile, China Unicom, and telecommunications. Internet companies, especially big ones, have also received widespread attention. In terms of provinces, the proportion in Beijing is 9.4% and that in Shanghai is 6.1%, which are much higher than the national level.
In terms of the proportion of the employed population in scientific research and technical services, Beijing is 6.7% and Shanghai is 3.6%. Beijing's R&D investment in 2020 is the largest, reaching 232.66 billion yuan, and Beijing's R&D intensity is also the highest, reaching 6.44%. Beijing's higher education and scientific research strength is second to none. At the same time, Beijing's high-tech industry development leads the country. Shanghai is home to a large number of multinational corporations, with outstanding headquarters economy and R&D innovation. In 2020, Shanghai’s R&D investment will also reach 161.6 billion yuan. In addition, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and other places have the highest proportion of financial practitioners.
Zhejiang and Guangdong have a high proportion of manufacturing
From the specific situation of the manufacturing industry, there are 9 provinces in the country where the proportion of the employment population in the manufacturing industry is higher than the national average, namely Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Fujian, Shanghai, Jiangxi, Tianjin, Hebei and Shandong. Peng Peng, executive chairman of the Guangdong Provincial Economic Reform Research Association, analyzed the first finance and economics. In the southeastern coastal areas such as Guangdong and Zhejiang, there are relatively few resource-based industries, and the industrial structure is mainly based on processing and manufacturing. This industrial structure attracts The labor force is more and more diverse.
Zhejiang, the fourth largest economic province, ranks first with 38.2%. Tang Hairu, deputy director of the Expert Committee of Hangzhou Planning Commission, analyzed Yicai.com that Zhejiang's resources are relatively lacking, so it is more suitable for the development of processing and manufacturing, and raw materials are mainly imported. For example, in Zhejiang's light textile industry, many raw materials come from other provinces, and are processed through industrial clusters in Zhejiang to enhance added value. Zhejiang's relatively developed block economy is also related to Zhejiang's position in the entire industrial chain system.
Guangdong ranks second with 34%, Jiangsu, the second-largest economy, ranks third with 29%, and Fujian and Shanghai rank fourth and fifth respectively. On the whole, among the developed provinces along the southeast coast, the proportion of the employment population in the manufacturing industry is higher.
From the perspective of the sub-sectors of the manufacturing industry, the textile and apparel, apparel and computer, communications and other electronic equipment manufacturing industries are the two major sub-sectors. The textile and apparel industry accounts for 1.84% of the total employed population, which is the sub-industry with the highest proportion in the manufacturing category. In terms of provinces, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Guangdong rank among the top three, with Zhejiang accounting for as high as 5.5%. Among the top 100 garment enterprises in China, Zhejiang has a large number of representative enterprises such as Youngor, Shanshan and Luomeng.
Tang Hairu said that the textile industry is a traditional advantageous industry in Zhejiang. In the ancient farming society, Zhejiang's textile handicraft workshops were very developed. In the industrial age, Zhejiang light textile industry has developed rapidly based on the original basic advantages.
Communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing accounted for 1.83% of the employment population, almost the same as the textile and apparel industry. 6 provinces account for more than 2%, namely Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Jiangxi, Hunan and Chongqing. Among them, Guangdong accounted for 6.4%, twice as much as the second-place Jiangsu. In Guangdong, there are a large number of well-known leading electronic information manufacturing enterprises, including Huawei, Foxconn, BYD, ZTE, OPPO, Luxshare, vivo, TCL, Konka, Oufeiguang, Futaihua, Skyworth, etc.
Peng Peng said that Guangdong's electronic information manufacturing industry started from the early "three to one supplement" and OEM OEM production, and gradually formed its own huge industrial cluster, developed its own brand, and pioneered the expansion of new products. The electronic information manufacturing industry is mainly concentrated in Shenzhen, Dongguan and Huizhou on the east bank of the Pearl River. The three places have formed a reasonable gradient distribution and close cooperation, and have formed a close division of labor with the international market, with obvious advantages.
In addition, the employment population of the automobile manufacturing industry accounted for 0.69%, and the top five were Shanghai, Jilin, Chongqing, Tianjin, and Zhejiang. A feature of these places is that they are all driven by leading car companies, and the development of industrial clusters is outstanding.
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